What Is A Septic & Leach Field Inspection?
A septic inspection refers to the assessment and evaluation of a septic system to determine its condition, functionality, and compliance with regulations. A septic system is a self-contained wastewater treatment system commonly used in areas where centralized sewage systems are not available. During a septic inspection, a qualified professional, such as a septic inspector or a licensed plumber, examines various components of the septic system, including the tank, drain field, pipes, and associated equipment. The inspection aims to identify any potential issues, such as leaks, blockages, or signs of system failure.
How Our Septic Inspections Are Performed
Step 1. Locate The Tank and Field
- Consult the Property Records: Check the property records, including the original construction plans, permits, or any documentation related to the septic system. This information may provide details about the location of the system.
- Look for Visual Clues: Walk around the property and look for visual clues that can indicate the presence of a septic system. Look for manhole covers or inspection ports on the ground, which may indicate the location of the septic tank.
- Check the Yard for Indicators: Pay attention to the yard’s topography. Septic systems are typically installed in areas with specific soil and slope requirements. Look for depressions or mounds in the yard that might suggest the presence of a septic system.
- Follow Plumbing Lines: Locate the main plumbing cleanout access point in your home. This is usually found near the building’s foundation and is a vertical pipe with a removable cap. From there, try to trace the path of the plumbing lines leading away from the house. The leach field is typically located downstream from the septic tank.
- Use a Probe or Rod: If you are having difficulty finding the septic system, you can use a probe or a long, sturdy rod to gently poke the ground in suspected areas. The septic tank or leach field may be buried just a few feet below the surface, so be cautious and avoid damaging any underground components
Step 2. Remove The Inlet & Outlet Tank Lids
- Clear the Area: Remove any dirt, debris, or vegetation that may be covering the lids. This will make the lid removal process easier and prevent contaminants from entering the tank.
- Inspect and Clean the Lid: Before attempting to lift the lid, inspect it for any cracks, damage, or signs of deterioration. If the lid is damaged, it may need to be repaired or replaced before removal. Clean the lid surface to ensure a better grip and prevent slipping during removal.
- Use Tools for Lid Removal: Depending on the lid type, you may need specific tools for removal. For concrete lids, a pry bar or a long-handled chisel can be used to gently pry the lid upwards from the edges. Plastic lids may have screws or bolts securing them, which can be loosened with appropriate tools like a screwdriver or wrench. Some plastic lids have built-in handles that can be used to lift them.
- Lift the Lid with Caution: Once you have loosened the lid, proceed to lift it carefully. Septic tank lids can be heavy, so it’s important to use proper lifting techniques. Lift the lid slowly and steadily, being cautious of any pressure or vacuum that may have built up inside.
- Secure the Lid: Once the lid is removed, set it aside on a stable surface, away from the tank opening.
Step 3. Dig Exploratory Holes In The Leach Field
- Locate the Leach Field: Use the methods mentioned earlier to locate the leach field area. The leach field is typically downstream from the septic tank and consists of a network of perforated pipes buried in trenches or beds. Find the boundaries of the leach field to conduct a thorough inspection.
- Perform a Visual Inspection: Inspect the components of the leach field system visually. This includes examining the distribution pipes, trench or bed conditions, and the soil surrounding them. Look for any signs of damage, blockages, or failures
- Distribution Pipes: Check the distribution pipes for cracks, breaks, or any visible damage. Inspect the connections between the pipes for any signs of leaks or loose fittings.
- Trenches or Beds: Assess the condition of the trenches or beds where the pipes are buried. Look for signs of erosion, clogging, or compaction. The soil should be permeable enough to allow proper wastewater absorption.
- Soil Conditions: Examine the soil surrounding the leach field area. It should be well-drained and free from any signs of saturation. Look for signs of compaction, excessive roots, or any other factors that may hinder proper wastewater absorption.
- Check Effluent Distribution: During a septic system inspection, it’s important to assess the even distribution of effluent among the leach field pipes. This can be done by observing the flow of wastewater through the pipes or using specialized equipment like effluent distribution boxes or inspection ports.
Step 4. Turn The Water On Throughout The House
- Determining Drainage Capacity: One aspect of running water during an inspection is to evaluate the drainage capacity of the septic system. This involves running water fixtures, such as faucets, showers, or toilets, simultaneously to simulate a typical household water usage scenario. By doing so, inspectors can observe how well the system handles the water flow and whether it is draining properly.
- Assessing Backup or Slow Drainage: Running water can help identify issues like backups or slow drainage within the system. Inspectors observe how quickly water drains from sinks, showers, or toilets. Slow drainage or backups can indicate blockages or malfunctions within the pipes, septic tank, or leach field.
- Checking for Surface Water or Ponding: Introducing water into the septic system can help identify surface water issues or ponding. Inspectors observe if water surfaces around the septic tank or leach field during the inspection. This could indicate problems like a high water table, failed leach field, or inadequate drainage.
- Observing Overflow or Backups: Running water can also help identify any overflow or backups within the septic system. Inspectors keep a close eye on the septic tank during water usage to check for any signs of overflowing or backup, such as effluent surfacing or septic odors. These indications can point to an overloaded or malfunctioning system.
- Monitoring Leach Field Performance: During a septic inspection, the running water test is often used to evaluate the leach field’s performance. By observing how well the leach field absorbs and disperses the introduced water, inspectors can assess its functionality. If water is not being properly absorbed or if pooling occurs, it may indicate leach field issues such as clogging or failure.
Step 5. Assess The Report & Then Return Yard To Original State
- Review the Inspection Report: Carefully review the inspection report provided by the inspector. This report will outline the findings, highlight any issues or concerns discovered during the inspection, and provide recommendations for maintenance, repairs, or further actions.
- Address Immediate Concerns: If the inspection report identifies any immediate concerns or issues that require attention, take prompt action to address them. This may involve repairs, replacements, or maintenance tasks to ensure the proper functioning of the septic system. Follow the recommendations provided by the inspector or consult with a licensed septic contractor to determine the necessary steps.
- Schedule Required Maintenance: Regular maintenance is crucial for septic system longevity and optimal performance. If the inspection report suggests routine maintenance tasks such as septic tank pumping or other recommended maintenance intervals, schedule these services accordingly. Regular pumping helps remove accumulated solids from the tank, preventing potential system failures.
- Implement Recommended Repairs or Upgrades: If the inspection report suggests repairs or upgrades to improve the septic system’s functionality, consult with a licensed septic contractor to discuss the recommended actions. They can provide estimates, guidance, and carry out the necessary repairs or upgrades in accordance with local regulations and codes.
- Maintain Proper Usage and Care: Ensure that you and your household follow proper septic system usage and care guidelines to avoid unnecessary strain on the system. This includes avoiding flushing non-biodegradable items, conserving water, not pouring harmful chemicals down the drain, and being mindful of what goes into the system.
- Establish a Maintenance Schedule: Develop a regular maintenance schedule for your septic system based on the recommendations provided by the inspector and local regulations. This may include periodic inspections, pumping, and maintenance tasks to keep the system in good working order.
- Keep Records: Maintain a record of the septic inspection report, maintenance activities, repairs, and any other relevant documentation. These records can serve as a reference for future inspections, maintenance, or if you plan to sell the property.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is a Septic Inspection Necessary?
A septic inspection is necessary to assess the condition and functionality of a septic system. It helps identify any potential issues, such as leaks, blockages, or signs of system failure. Regular inspections ensure the proper functioning of the system, prevent environmental hazards, and help maintain the value of the property.
When Should I Get a Septic Inspection?
It is recommended to have a septic inspection before purchasing a property with a septic system. Additionally, routine inspections every 3-5 years, depending on usage and local regulations, are advisable to ensure ongoing maintenance and early detection of any problems.
What Happens if Issues Are Found During the Septic Inspection?
If issues are found during the septic inspection, the inspector will typically provide recommendations for repairs, maintenance, or further evaluation. It’s important to address these issues promptly to avoid potential system failures, environmental contamination, or health hazards.
How Much Does a Septic Inspection Cost?
The cost of a septic inspection can vary depending on factors such as location, size of the system, and the level of inspection required. On average, a septic inspection may cost between $350 and $650, but prices can vary significantly.
How Often Should I Pump My Septic Tank?
The frequency of septic tank pumping depends on factors like the size of the tank, the number of occupants, and usage patterns. As a general guideline, septic tanks should be pumped every 3-5 years. However, it’s best to consult a septic professional who can assess your specific circumstances and provide appropriate recommendations.
Why Aren't Dye Tests a Good Method for Septic Inspections?
Dye tests, also known as dye tracer tests, are commonly used in various applications to identify leaks, blockages, or flow patterns in systems. However, when it comes to septic inspections, dye tests are generally not considered reliable or effective. Septic inspections typically rely on alternative methods such as visual inspections, manual probing, pressure testing, or using specialized tools like cameras or acoustic devices to assess the condition of the septic system. These methods provide more direct and reliable information about the state of the system and can help identify issues such as leaks, blockages, or structural problems.
